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Figure 2. US Dependency Ratios, 1950-2100, With Different Projections for Fertility Rates

Luke Pardue, Lisa Dettling

Figure 3. Federal Outlays as a Percentage of GDP, by Decade

Luke Pardue, Lisa Dettling

Figure 4a. Decomposition of Effects of Rising Old-Age Dependency Ratios on Old-Age Entitlement Spending and Deficits: Aging Effects on Old-Age Entitlement Spending

Luke Pardue, Lisa Dettling

Figure 4b. Decomposition of Effects of Rising Old-Age Dependency Ratios on Old-Age Entitlement Spending and Deficits: Aging Effects on Primary and Total Deficits

Luke Pardue, Lisa Dettling

Figure 5. Federal Spending on Children, With Different Assumptions for Future Fertility Rates

Luke Pardue, Lisa Dettling

Figure 1. Breakdown of State and Local Government Direct Expenditures by Functional Category (2023)

Jeffrey Clemens

Figure 2. Changes in Population and Changes in Real Per Capita Expenditure by State and Local Governments: 1979 to 2019

Jeffrey Clemens

Figure 3. Enrollment and Per Enrollee Expenditure Changes Among Regular School Districts With Stable Boundaries

Jeffrey Clemens

Figure 4. Enrollment Changes and Changes in School Counts Among Regular School Districts With Stable Boundaries

Jeffrey Clemens

Figure 1. Fertility Affects Total Population Size With a Long Lag

Kevin Kuruc